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1991 film by Jonathan Demme

The Silence of the Lambs
The Silence of the Lambs poster.jpg

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Jonathan Demme
Screenplay by Ted Tally
Based on The Silence of the Lambs
by Thomas Harris
Produced by
  • Kenneth Utt
  • Edward Saxon
  • Ron Bozman
Starring
  • Jodie Foster
  • Anthony Hopkins
  • Scott Glenn
  • Ted Levine
Cinematography Tak Fujimoto
Edited past Craig McKay
Music by Howard Shore

Production
company

Strong Heart Productions
Distributed by Orion Pictures

Release dates
  • January thirty, 1991 (1991-01-30) (New York City)
  • Feb fourteen, 1991 (1991-02-14) (U.s.)

Running fourth dimension

 118 minutes[1]
Land Us
Language English
Upkeep $19 meg[2]
Box office $272.7 million[2]

The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and written by Ted Tally, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1988 novel.[3] [iv] Information technology stars Jodie Foster every bit Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee who is hunting a serial killer, "Buffalo Bill" (Ted Levine), who skins his female victims. To catch him, she seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins), a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. The flick too features performances from Scott Glenn, Anthony Heald and Kasi Lemmons.[5]

The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14, 1991, and grossed $272.7 1000000 worldwide on a $19 million budget, becoming the 5th-highest-grossing pic of 1991 worldwide. Information technology premiered at the 41st Berlin International Moving picture Festival, where information technology competed for the Golden Bear, while Demme received the Silver Bear for Best Manager. Information technology became the 3rd and almost recent motion-picture show (the other two being 1934's It Happened Ane Dark and 1975's One Flew Over the Cuckoo'due south Nest) to win Academy Awards in all the major five categories: Best Picture show, All-time Director, Best Actor, All-time Actress, and All-time Adapted Screenplay. Information technology is also the only Best Picture winner widely considered a horror film, and i of but six horror films to have been nominated in the category with The Exorcist (1973), Jaws (1975), The Sixth Sense (1999), Black Swan (2010), and Leave (2017).[six]

The Silence of the Lambs is regularly cited by critics, flick directors and audiences every bit ane of the greatest and most influential films. In 2018, Empire ranked it 48th on their list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[seven] The American Film Institute ranked information technology the fifth-greatest and well-nigh influential thriller film while Starling and Lecter were ranked among the greatest film heroines and villains. The film is considered "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant by the U.Due south. Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2011.[8] A sequel, Hannibal, was released in 2001, followed past the prequels Ruby Dragon (2002) and Hannibal Rise (2007). The Silence of the Lambs itself is technically a sequel to Manhunter (1986).

Plot

In 1990, Clarice Starling is pulled from her FBI preparation at the Quantico, Virginia FBI Academy by Jack Crawford of the Bureau's Behavioral Science Unit. He assigns her to interview Hannibal Lecter, a former psychiatrist and incarcerated cannibalistic serial killer. Crawford believes Lecter's insight could prove useful in the pursuit of a psychopath serial killer nicknamed "Buffalo Bill", who kills young women and removes their peel from their bodies.

At the Baltimore Land Hospital for the Criminally Insane, Dr. Frederick Chilton makes a rough pass at Starling before he escorts her to Lecter's cell. Although initially pleasant and courteous, Lecter grows impatient with Starling's interviewing and rebuffs her. Equally she is leaving, a prisoner named Miggs flicks semen at her. Lecter, who considers this an "unspeakably ugly" act, calls Starling dorsum and tells her to seek out his old patient. This leads her to a storage facility, where she discovers a jar containing a man's severed head. She returns to Lecter, who says the man is linked to Buffalo Bill. He offers to contour Buffalo Bill on condition he be transferred away from Chilton, whom he detests. Another Buffalo Bill victim is found with a death's head moth lodged in her throat.

Buffalo Bill abducts Catherine Martin, the daughter of a United States senator. Crawford authorizes Starling to offer Lecter a fake deal, promising a prison transfer if he provides information that helps them capture Buffalo Bill and rescue Catherine. Instead, Lecter demands a quid pro quo from Starling, offering clues about Buffalo Bill in exchange for personal information. Starling tells Lecter nigh her father's murder when she was ten years old. Chilton secretly records the conversation and reveals Starling's deceit to Lecter before offering him a different deal. Lecter agrees and is flown to Memphis, where he meets and torments Senator Martin, then gives her false information on Buffalo Bill, including that his proper name is "Louis Friend".

Starling figures out that "Louis Friend" is an anagram of "atomic number 26 sulfide"—fool's gold. She visits Lecter, who is now imprisoned in a cell in a Tennessee courthouse, and requests the truth. Lecter says all the information she needs is contained in the Buffalo Bill case file, and then insists on continuing their quid pro quo. She recounts a traumatic childhood incident of hearing spring lambs being slaughtered on a relative's Montana farm. Lecter speculates that Starling hopes that saving Catherine will stop the recurring nightmares she has of lambs screaming. Lecter returns the Buffalo Nib case files to Starling as Chilton arrives and has the police escort her from the building. Later that evening, Lecter kills his guards (one of them is graphically disemboweled), escapes from his cell, and disappears.

Starling analyzes Lecter's file annotations and figures out that Buffalo Bill knew his first victim, Frederika Bimmel. Starling travels to her Ohio hometown and discovers that Bimmel and Buffalo Bill were tailors. At Frederika's domicile, she notices unfinished dresses and apparel patterns identical to the patches of skin removed from the victims. She phones Crawford and says Buffalo Pecker is making a "suit" with human peel. Crawford is already en road to make an arrest, having cantankerous-referenced Lecter'southward notes with infirmary archives and finding a man named Jame Gumb, who believes he is transsexual but was deemed as well insane to apply for a sex activity-change operation. Starling continues interviewing Frederika'south friends while Crawford and an FBI HRT tempest Gumb'southward address in Illinois, finding the house empty. Meanwhile, Starling goes to interview another person who knew Frederika. At the house, she meets "Jack Gordon", simply realizes he is Gumb after spotting a decease's head moth flying loose. She pursues him into a clangorous basement and finds Catherine trapped in a dry well. In a dark room, Gumb stalks Starling with night-vision goggles, but reveals himself past cocking his revolver. Starling reacts quickly and shoots Gumb dead.

At the FBI Academy graduation party, Starling receives a telephone call from Lecter, who is at a Bimini airport. He assures her that he has no intention of pursuing her and requests that she return the favor, which she says she cannot. Lecter subsequently hangs up the phone because he is "having an onetime friend for dinner". He trails a newly arrived Chilton into the crowd.

Cast

  • Jodie Foster as Clarice Starling
    • Masha Skorobogatov as young Clarice
  • Anthony Hopkins equally Dr. Hannibal Lecter
  • Scott Glenn as Jack Crawford
  • Ted Levine every bit Jame "Buffalo Bill" Gumb
  • Anthony Heald every bit Dr. Frederick Chilton
  • Brooke Smith as Catherine Martin
  • Diane Baker every bit U.Due south. Senator Ruth Martin
  • Kasi Lemmons as Ardelia Mapp
  • Frankie Faison as Barney Matthews
  • Tracey Walter as Lamar
  • Charles Napier as Lt. Boyle
  • Danny Darst as Sgt. Tate
  • Alex Coleman every bit Sgt. Jim Pembry
  • Dan Butler every bit Roden
  • Paul Lazar as Pilcher
  • Ron Vawter as Paul Krendler
  • Roger Corman as FBI Director Hayden Burke
  • George A. Romero equally a jailer[9] [10]
  • Chris Isaak as SWAT Commander
  • Harry Northup as Mr. Bimmel
  • Brent Hinkley every bit Officer Murray
  • Cynthia Ettinger equally Officer Jacobs
  • Lauren Roselli as Stacy Hubka

Analysis

In the years post-obit its release, The Silence of the Lambs was subject to much film criticism regarding its themes of human sexuality and sexual politics.[11] Throughout the film, Clarice Starling's gender is emphasized as a distinguishing characteristic equally she is a minority amongst her numerous male peers, though film scholar Barry Forshaw notes that "any feminist calendar is never bluntly formulated verbally."[12]

Some gay male critics and feminists felt that the film'due south portrayal of Buffalo Bill negatively associated the LGBT community with deviance, psychopathy, and violence.[13] Despite this, Bill's sexual orientation is never explicitly stated in the film, and Lecter expressly states Bill is "non really transsexual".[14] Demme responded that Buffalo Bill "wasn't a gay graphic symbol. He was a tormented man who hated himself and wished he was a adult female because that would have fabricated him every bit far away from himself as he possibly could be." Demme added that he "came to realize that there is a tremendous absence of positive gay characters in movies".[15]

In a 1992 interview with Playboy magazine, the feminist and women'south rights advocate Betty Friedan stated: "I idea information technology was admittedly outrageous that The Silence of the Lambs won 4 [sic] Oscars. […] I'm non saying that the motion picture shouldn't have been shown. I'm not denying the flick was an artistic triumph, but it was well-nigh the evisceration, the skinning live of women. That is what I notice offensive. Non the Playboy centerfold."[xvi]

Production

Development

The Silence of the Lambs is based on the 1988 novel by Thomas Harris. It was the second film to characteristic the character Hannibal Lecter; the start, Manhunter (1986), was also adjusted from a Harris novel.[17] Prior to the release of the Silence of the Lambs novel, Orion Pictures partnered with Gene Hackman to adjust it for movie. With Hackman fix to direct and possibly star in as FBI agent Jack Crawford, negotiations were made to split the $500,000 price of rights between Hackman and the studio.[eighteen] The producers besides had to learn the rights to the Lecter graphic symbol, which were endemic past Manhunter producer Dino De Laurentiis. Owing to the financial failure of Manhunter, De Laurentiis lent the rights to Orion for gratis.[17]

In Nov 1987, Ted Tally was brought on to write the adaptation;[19] Tally had crossed paths with Harris many times, with his interest in adapting The Silence of the Lambs originating from receiving an advance re-create of the book from Harris.[20] When Tally was about halfway through with the kickoff typhoon, Hackman withdrew from the projection and financing fell through. Even so, Orion co-founder Mike Medavoy encouraged Tally to proceed writing as the studio took care of financing and searched for a replacement managing director.[21] Orion sought director Jonathan Demme to helm the project. With the screenplay not yet completed, Demme signed on afterward reading the novel.[22] From in that location, the project adult apace; Tally said: "[Demme] read my first draft not long after it was finished, and we met, then I was just startled by the speed of things. We met in May 1989 and were shooting in November. I don't recall any big revisions."[23]

Casting

Jodie Foster was interested in playing FBI agent Clarice Starling immediately after reading the novel. However, in spite of the fact that Foster had just won an Academy Honour for her performance in The Accused (1988), Demme was not convinced that she was correct for the office.[24] [25] Having just collaborated on Married to the Mob (1988), Demme'southward starting time choice for the role of Starling was Michelle Pfeiffer, who turned it down, later proverb, "It was a difficult decision, but I got nervous nearly the subject field matter."[26] He then approached Million Ryan, who turned information technology downward as well for its gruesome themes, and and so Laura Dern, of whom the studio was skeptical as not existence a bankable choice.[27] Equally a result, Foster was awarded the function due to her passion towards the grapheme.[28]

For the role of Lecter, Demme originally approached Sean Connery. Afterwards Connery turned it downwards, Anthony Hopkins was offered the role based on his performance in The Elephant Man (1980).[29] When Hopkins'south amanuensis told him a script was en route titled The Silence of the Lambs, Hopkins responded, "Is information technology a children'southward story?"[30] Hopkins called his agent dorsum later reading the first 10 pages, maxim, "This is the best part I've ever read," and so had dinner with Demme and accepted the role.[30]

Other actors considered for the part included Al Pacino,[31] Robert De Niro,[31] Dustin Hoffman,[31] Derek Jacobi[32] and Daniel Mean solar day-Lewis.[32] Forest Whitaker has stated that he likewise auditioned for the role. The mask Hopkins wore became an iconic symbol of the picture. Information technology was created by Ed Cubberly, of Frenchtown, New Jersey, who had made masks for NHL goalkeepers.[33]

Hopkins created his interpretation of Lecter based upon the voice of the HAL 9000 as voiced by Douglas Pelting in 2001: A Space Odyssey as well as the vocal cadence of author Truman Capote;[34] [ better source needed ] contrary to conventionalities, in a GQ interview in 2021, Hopkins stated that he had non based his graphic symbol's vocal cadence on that of Katharine Hepburn, and that the determination to play Lecter equally withal and unblinking had non been taken later Charles Manson.[35] Hopkins was initially scared to talk to Foster, knowing that she had just won an Oscar.[30]

Gene Hackman was cast to play Jack Crawford, the Agent-in-Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit of the FBI in Quantico, Virginia, only he found the script too violent.[31] Scott Glenn was and so cast in the role. In preparation for the function, Glenn met with John E. Douglas. Douglas gave Glenn a tour of the Quantico facility and as well played for him an sound record containing diverse recordings that serial killers Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris had made of themselves raping and torturing a 16-year-old daughter.[36] [37] Co-ordinate to Douglas, Glenn wept equally he listened to the recordings, and fifty-fifty changed his liberal opinion on the decease penalty.[38]

Filming

Main photography on The Silence of the Lambs began on November 15, 1989, and wrapped on March 1, 1990.[39] Filming primarily took identify in and around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with some scenes shot in nearby northern West Virginia.[xl] [ failed verification ] The Victorian dwelling in Perryopolis, Pennsylvania used as Buffalo Bill's home in the film went up for sale in Baronial 2015 for $300,000.[41] The domicile sat on the market for nearly a year, before finally selling for $195,000.[42] [43] The exterior of the Western Centre near Canonsburg, Pennsylvania served as the setting for Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane.[44] In what was a rare human activity of cooperation at the time, the FBI allowed scenes to be filmed at the FBI Academy in Quantico; some FBI staff members even acted in bit parts.[45] [46]

The design for the basement and pit used by Buffalo Bill was inspired by the real-life kidnappings and murders performed by Gary M. Heidnik.

Music

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic
Filmtracks.com

The musical score for The Silence of the Lambs was composed by Howard Shore, who would also go on to collaborate with Demme on Philadelphia. Recorded in Munich during the latter one-half of the summer of 1990, the score was performed past the Munich Symphony Orchestra.[47] "I tried to write in a way that goes correct into the fabric of the movie," explained Shore on his approach. "I tried to make the music only fit in. When you sentinel the flick you are non enlightened of the music. You lot get your feelings from all elements simultaneously, lighting, cinematography, costumes, acting, music. Jonathan Demme was very specific about the music."[48] The music editor was Suzana Peric.[49] [50] A soundtrack album was released by MCA Records on Feb 5, 1991.[51] Music from the film was afterwards used in the trailers for its 2001 sequel, Hannibal.[52]

In addition to Shore'southward score, recordings of popular music are used prominently in the film. This includes British mail-punk music, such as the song "Hip Priest" by The Autumn which can be heard playing during the climactic scene in which Starling enters Buffalo Bill's house.[53]

Release

Box part

The Silence of the Lambs was released on February xiv, 1991, grossing almost $14 1000000 from 1,497 theaters over the 4-mean solar day Presidents' Solar day weekend, placing at number 1 at the The states box office. It remained at number one for five weeks.[54]

The moving picture opened at the Odeon Leicester Square in London in June 1991 and grossed £290,936 in its opening calendar week, which distributor Rank claimed was a world tape opening week from i theatre.[55] The following week information technology expanded to 281 screens and grossed £4,260,472 for the calendar week, a Uk record.[56]

The movie grossed $131 one thousand thousand in the United States and Canada with a total worldwide gross of $273 million.[54] It was the fifth-highest-grossing motion picture of 1991 worldwide.[57]

Critical response

The Silence of the Lambs was a sleeper striking that gradually gained widespread success and critical acclaim.[58] Foster, Hopkins, and Levine garnered much acclamation for their performances. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 96% of 104 picture critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 8.90/10. The website's disquisitional consensus reads: "Director Jonathan Demme's smart, taut thriller teeters on the border between psychological study and all-out horror, and benefits greatly from stellar performances by Anthony Hopkins and Jodie Foster."[59] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 85 out of 100, based on 19 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[60] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the motion-picture show an boilerplate grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[61]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sunday-Times, specifically mentioned the "terrifying qualities" of Hannibal Lecter.[62] Ebert afterward added the film to his list of The Great Movies, recognizing the motion-picture show equally a "horror masterpiece" aslope such classics as Nosferatu, Psycho, and Halloween.[63] However, the film is also notable for existence one of two multi-Academy Honour winners (the other being Unforgiven) to go a bad review from Ebert's colleague, Gene Siskel. Writing for Chicago Tribune, Siskel said, "Foster'due south grapheme, who is appealing, is dwarfed by the monsters she is after. I'd rather see her work on another case."[64]

Accolades

University Awards record
Best Picture, Edward Saxon, Kenneth Utt, Ronald M. Bozman
Best Managing director, Jonathan Demme
Best Actor, Anthony Hopkins
Best Extra, Jodie Foster
Best Adjusted Screenplay, Ted Tally
Golden World Awards record
All-time Actress, Jodie Foster
British Academy Moving-picture show Awards tape
Best Actor, Anthony Hopkins
All-time Actress, Jodie Foster

The film won the Large V Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (Demme), All-time Histrion (Hopkins), Best Actress (Foster), and Best Adjusted Screenplay (Ted Tally), making it but the third film in history to accomplish that feat.[65] Information technology was also nominated for All-time Sound (Tom Fleischman and Christopher Newman) and Best Film Editing, but lost to Terminator 2: Judgment Mean solar day and JFK, respectively.[66]

Other awards include Best Picture show by the National Board of Review of Movement Pictures, CHI Awards and PEO Awards. Demme won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 41st Berlin International Flick Festival[67] and was nominated for the Golden Globe Laurels for Best Managing director. The film was nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Picture show Critics Association. Information technology was likewise nominated for the British Academy Film Honour for All-time Film. Screenwriter Ted Tally received an Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. The pic was awarded Best Horror Motion-picture show of the Twelvemonth during the 2nd Horror Hall of Fame telecast, with Vincent Price presenting the award to the moving-picture show's executive producer Gary Goetzman.[68]

In 1998, the movie was listed equally ane of the 100 greatest films in the past 100 years past the American Film Institute.[69] In 2006, at the Key Fine art Awards, the original poster for The Silence of the Lambs was named best motion-picture show poster "of the past 35 years".[70] The Silence of the Lambs placed seventh on Bravo'south The 100 Scariest Film Moments for Lecter's escape scene. The American Film Found named Hannibal Lecter (as portrayed by Hopkins) the number one flick villain of all time[71] and Clarice Starling (as portrayed by Foster) the sixth-greatest film hero of all time.[71] In 2011, ABC aired a prime-time special, Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, that counted down the best films chosen by fans based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and People magazine. The Silence of the Lambs was selected as the best suspense/thriller and Dr. Hannibal Lecter was selected equally the fourth-greatest picture show character.

The film and its characters have appeared in the following AFI "100 Years" lists:

  • AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #65
  • AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – #5
  • AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
    • Clarice Starling – #6 Hero
    • Hannibal Lecter – #ane Villain
    • Buffalo Pecker - Nominated Villain
  • AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
    • "A demography taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a dainty Chianti." – #21
  • AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (tenth Anniversary Edition) – #74

In 2015, Entertainment Weekly 's 25th anniversary year, information technology included The Silence of the Lambs in its list of the 25 best movies made since the magazine's beginning.[72]

Home media

The film was released on VHS in October 1991 past Orion Home Video. It was the most rented video in the U.s. upon release.[74] Information technology was released on DVD on March 6, 2001 by MGM Home Amusement.[75] The Criterion Collection, which had released the moving-picture show on LaserDisc in 1994, released a DVD special edition in 1998, and afterward a Blu-Ray edition in 2018.[76]

Legacy

According to The Guardian, before The Silence of the Lambs, serial killers in films had been "claw-handed bogeymen with melty faces and safe masks. Past contrast, Lecter was highly intelligent with impeccable manners," and played by an actor with "impeccable credentials".[77]

When The Silence of the Lambs was re-released in the Britain in 2017, the British Board of Film Nomenclature reclassified it from an 18 to a fifteen document. Silence of the Lambs producer Ed Saxon said audiences had go desensitized and that the film had go less shocking.[77] Withal, the BBFC's Craig Lapper felt that audiences had instead become used to procedural offense dramas with serial killers as dramatic tropes, and suggested that The Silence of the Lambs had created interest in these themes.[77]

Run across also

  • Clarice, sequel TV serial
  • Listing of films based on crime books
  • Silence! The Musical, an unauthorized parody musical adaptation of the film
  • List of University Award records

References

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  • Douglas, John E.; Olshaker, Mark (1995). Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit. New York Metropolis, New York: Scribner. ISBN978-0-684-80376-0.
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  • Tiech, John (2012). Pittsburgh Film History: On Fix in the Steel City. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN978-i-60949-709-v.

External links

  • The Silence of the Lambs at IMDb
  • The Silence of the Lambs at the TCM Movie Database
  • The Silence of the Lambs at Box Office Mojo
  • The Silence of the Lambs at the American Pic Institute Itemize
  • The Silence of the Lambs at Rotten Tomatoes
  • The Silence of the Lambs at Metacritic
  • The Silence of the Lambs an essay by Amy Taubin at the Benchmark Drove

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_%28film%29

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